The Employment and Employability

Employment is a Social Responsibility for any State and Central Govt of any country, and this matter is always under dispute among the countrymen and among the politicians, mainly sitting in the opposition.  It is a common practice to accuse each other for political gain. But the real picture of today, where the country is progressing has focused on in this paper with the causes and remedies.  

As per the opinion of the author, the meaning of unemployment is that a man is having proper educational qualification, workable knowledge, skills and who is willing to work at any stage and at any place with responsibilities without much high expectations, but not getting suitable openings!

In short, a right employable man is not getting a job, known as unemployment. 

As per the studies taken by “Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Data”, the unemployment rate was 4.9% to 5% in the month of Feb`26, followed by 6.6% in urban areas and that of 4.2% in rural areas. In the year 2017-18, it was 6%, and that of 3.2% in the year 2023-24. Read more at: https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/unemployment-rate-in-india/. These figures are derived from PLFS, but they can vary. 

Not all job seekers approach the Employment Exchange, nor every employed person is registered in an Employ Exchange. 

In India 90% of the workforce is found working in small(net survey How many % of the workforce are from the decentralized Sectors?), unregistered enterprises, self-employed like road side vendors, cycle Rickshaw puller, working in stores, delivery boys, urban clubs, Snap bits, hotel & Restaurants, tailoring shops, Shopping Malls, security staffs in the Housing societies, housekeeping staffs in the Organized sectors, Taxi drivers ( both owners as well as hired Drivers), Gardeners, power looms and Hand loom weavers and even in Organized sectors as Contractual workers and so many. But most of them are having educational qualification from the primary level to below Matriculate. (Ministry of labor and Employment). It is found that 12% are having SSC, 6% completed H.S., 2.5% is having vocational Training, 2% are graduate while 6 % are having Diploma or Certificate. It is also found that about 47.4% are drop out before the completion of 10th Standard. Most of them are employed in Agriculture, construction and small-scale Industries with low skills or in Semi-skilled Jobs. 

The Job scopes of the graduates in India: (net survey, the scopes of the employments of the graduates).  The scopes of the Indian graduates in 2026 are higher in Technological areas, AI, and in the service sectors, provided they are having proper skills, an educational background with at least minimal working knowledge. It is found that about 51% of today’s graduates are unemployable because of the lack of proper fundamental knowledge, skills, poor General Knowledge, lack in communications, not willing to do any job which requires hard work and Shift duties. 

     The Engineering Graduates from the reputed colleges are found to be unemployed as most of them are in expectations of handsome pay packets, like to work only with the Branded named organisations, and have a choice of locations. (Don’t like to work in rural areas). However, with the openings of the more IT and that of Service sectors, the job opportunities have been enhanced. 

 So far as the Graduates from the Ordinary colleges are concerned, about 80 % of them are unemployable because of a very shabby background; some of them are not even have a minimal fundamental knowledge in the subjects taught during their graduation level. The author has experienced that most of them are even unable to write the correct spelling of Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna Paramhans, and similar types of wordings! Most of them are not even aware of the name of the Indian President, Vice -President, about the details of our Tri-Colour, nor are they aware of the National Anthem. Most of them do not have the simple knowledge of the place where they belong. Despite of all there darker backgrounds, they are absorbed in the small enterprises, cooperative sectors, start small business (self or join family business), work with the Financial Investors, cooperative Banks, Gramin Banks,   join in the Shopping mall, courier services, works as a Angang wadi worker, Health Care units, Service Centers, runs tutorial classes ( at primary school level), take work contracts, starts trading’s, but most of them are unsatisfied with their earnings and call them as unemployed!   Sometimes the Organized sectors absorb them as trainee in the hope to mould them as per their need. But it is found that within a short span most of these freshers (mostly Engineering graduates passed from the Rural Colleges) leave the organisation expressing dissatisfaction towards long duty hours, ‘more work vs less pay’ theories, or join somewhere else after gaining the experiences with higher salaries. Most of the time, it is found that during the months of January to April, the recruiters do not get even the lowest category of students for their organisation and need to wait till the results are declared. 

Types of Unemployment:

1. Demand Supply Relationship: For example, in a city, there are more numbers of colleges generating graduates, but because of less scopes, there is unemployment. 
2. Choosy Candidate: Despite having the jobs available in the area, the candidate does not accept the same because of the pay not as per their expectations, job quality, Nature of work, factory location, doesn’t want to work in shifts, nor a branded name of the Organisation.  
3. Only the selective people are required:  For example, an updated organisation needs only skilled people as per their own requirements, hence others remain unemployed. 
4. Employees declared surplus: Suppose any Organisation has gone for any modernisation, there will be surplus workers, although VRS is paid to them. Some are absorbed to the other parts of the sister Organisation, but not willing to move for their family situation. 
5. Seasonal unemployment: Suppose any organisation has lost Market/Export Orders, it has to curtail down the production, or because of more competition, the business house has to switch off certain non-profitable items. Hence, a certain % of the employees become jobless. 
6. Wrong Employment: Suppose at any time, the Organisation had to absorb a greater number of people than required, and later on found that most of them are underutilised! Hence, there become ‘one job, more people’ and during that situation, the organisation adopts the Right Sizing theory.   
7. Organisation changes the business plan / Location. For example, a small /medium-sized organisation switches its business plan from one product to another lucrative one, and reshuffles all the relevant people.  (say from Textile product to software or service sector).   Or change the location from a big city to a remote place with the availability of a cheap labour force and less electric unit charges. (Example: Mumbai city to Union Terry tory) 
8. Change in Management: Suppose one unit is sold out to another one, the new taker will recruit freshers and remove the people from the previous one. 

Why Such Unemployment? 

1. The   Economy not grown up as per the needs of society, fails to create industries with job opportunities, and is unable to provide jobs to the modern-day population, which is growing rapidly.  
2. More demands in the job market where the population is growing at a faster rate and that is not balanced.  
3. Most of the present students are not enough sincere in their studies, nor willing to work hard, nor willing to go for the In -Plant trainings, nor attend all the classes, nor listen the lectures of the Industrial Experts but only dream to be a Direct Manager for a Branded Organisation. The knowledge doesn’t matter to them and they think their Graduation certificate is just a trump card for them to get a lucrative post.  After graduation, some bodies go for a Master's Degree or join a Management course and get good opening if the marks obtained are suitable, or fit for the requirement of any Industry/Educational Institute, or do they have any personal Relationship, or start Coaching classes, Consultancy (for the MBAs), work as a content writer etc.  
4. Another Vital problem is that most of the students are not aware in which Direction, the world is moving, nor they don`t know what are the Requirements of the Modern Management and these general theories are not taught in the colleges mostly because of the ignorance of the Faculty Members, their lethargic attitudes, and the College Management do not Invite the Industrial Experts in a fear of higher expenses! 
5. Today, in the days of Automation, organisations require AI people, and those students who join AI courses after graduation are getting good openings. A lot of Training courses are being conducted for the Financial / Banking Managements, and after being trained, they get more Job Offers. The short courses, like training in Pathology labs, Forensic labs, and Hospital Management, are also rendering the job potential to the Freshers. 
6. Although till today, the 55% of the employment is in the agriculture sector, the young generation does not like to be involved in these sectors and likes to opt for a job in a big city in a reputed organisation. Hence, such cases cannot be considered as jobless youth. 
7. High expectations, earning of quick bucks, getting frustrated in the workplace so easily, and hence leaving the services. Then remain sitting at home without any job. Call them as unemployed! Because of the unsatisfactory performances, the Organizations remove them also, but do not try to compromise with the management to get back the job. Hence, remain unemployed!
8. Today, most of the candidates are expecting Govt / Semi-Govt jobs for a tension-free life.
9. Nowadays, most organisations believe in high quality of works, performance with skill and like to run the Organizations with minimal man power and hence it affects employment! 

Today`s Scenario

Lots of industries are coming out with new and newer products as per the requirements of the societies, so many of them are in a spree of expansion, people are getting new and newer scopes for the earnings of their livelihood, Cities are full of shopping malls, theatres, and to day private courier services are in a Zoom business. All these sectors are absorbing various types of people with different qualifications, for the different needs. In this world of today`s busy life, so many people are opting for food supply at their houses, and both the business, i.e., food manufacturing and delivery, are in a growing spree.  For the people who are willing to do any type of work, new business “Urban Club”, “snap bits” have a very growing business and employment in the urban and that of in the semi urban societies. There is a high scope for the under-matriculate people to work in these sectors. Private Taxi, Ola, Uber, etc. have created a good scope for the profession of drivers. Because of the Expansion of several Corporate sectors, staring of new enterprises at Rural & Urban sectors, the opening of new Textile hubs, Textile parks in the Garment sectors, and in the Entertainment sectors, the jobs are plenty! More and more scopes with new openings are coming and it is up to the modern youths how to grab the situations. 

Conclusions: 

In one word, the author feels that there is no dearth of any job or to earn bread & butter if one is willing to do the hard work, has knowledge and skills, is willing to do any work, should like go to any place, and not become so choosy about his status. Computer Skills, design & development, innovative ideas to start small-scale entrepreneurship, take the support from MSMEs who can arrange ‘Roti – Rozi’ for any type of man/woman. Let the colleges have the dedicated faculties, let the students learn about the new and newer world of innovations, changing the world`s scenario, and to be fit accordingly.